Amino acid symbols: Symbols that stand for the amino acids , the building blocks of protein . Each amino acid has both a three-letter symbol and a single-letter symbol. For example, the three-letter and single-letter symbols for alanine are Ala and A. The three-letter symbols (such as Ala) are much more widely used than the single letter ones (such as A). Therefore, the following list is limited to the three-letter symbols and is further limited to those 20 alpha-amino acids specified by the genetic code :

• Alanine : Ala
• Arginine : Arg
• Asparagine : Asn
• Aspartic acid : Asp
• Cysteine : Cys
• Glutamic acid : Glu
• Glutamine : Gln
• Glycine : Gly
• Histidine : His
• Isoleucine : Ile
• Leucine : Leu
• Lysine : Lys
• Methionine : Met
• Phenylalanine : Phe
• Proline : Pro
• Serine : Ser
• Threonine : Thr
• Tryptophan : Trp
• Tyrosine : Tyr
• Valine : Val

These three-letter symbols for amino acids are used not only to refer to an individual amino acid but also to present the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide or a protein. For example, part of the sequence of insulin reads: Gly-Ile-Val-Glu-Gln-Cys-Cys-Ala-Ser-Val. The N-terminal residue of the polypeptide or protein is by convention always on the left and the sequence reads from left-to-right toward the C-terminal residue of the polypeptide or protein.

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