GENERIC NAME: ciprofloxacin

BRAND NAME: Cipro, Cipro XR

DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Many common infections in humans are caused by single cell organisms, called bacteria. Bacteria can grow and multiply, infecting different parts of the body. Medicines that control and eradicate these bacteria are called antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that stops multiplication of bacteria by inhibiting the reproduction and repair of their genetic material (DNA).

PRESCRIPTION: yes

GENERIC AVAILABLE: no

PREPARATIONS: Tablets: 250mg, 500mg, 750mg. Tablets Cipro XR: 500 and 1000 mg.

STORAGE: Ciprofloxacin should be stored at below 86 degrees F.

PRESCRIBED FOR: Ciprofloxacin is used to treat infections of the skin, lungs, airways, bones, and joints caused by susceptible bacteria. Ciprofloxacin is also frequently used to treat urinary infections caused by bacteria such as E. coli. Ciprofloxacin is effective in treating infectious diarrheas caused by E. coli, campylobacter jejuni, and shigella bacteria.

DOSING: Ciprofloxacin may be taken with or without food. Ciprofloxacin is partially metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidney. Dosages require adjustment in patients with severely abnormal liver or kidney function. Antacids block the absorption of ciprofloxacin and they should not be taken together.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: Ciprofloxacin administered together with theophylline can lead to elevated blood levels of theophylline. Theophylline is used to open airways in the treatment of asthma . Toxic levels of theophylline can lead to seizures, and disturbances in heart rhythm. If concurrent use of ciprofloxacin and theophylline cannot be avoided, frequent blood tests to monitor theophylline blood levels are performed. Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in patients with central nervous system diseases such as seizures, because rare seizures have been reported in patients receiving this medication. Ciprofloxacin should be avoided in children and adolescents under 18 years old, as safe use in these patients have not been established.

Many antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, can alter the normal bacteria in the colon and encourage overgrowth of a bacteria responsible for the development of inflammation of the colon (pseudomembranous colitis). Pseudomembranous colitis can cause fever, abdominal pain , diarrhea , and sometimes even shock. Patients taking ciprofloxacin can develop sensitivity of the skin to direct sunlight. Ciprofloxacin can enhance the action of the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin), and increase the risk of bleeding.

PREGNANCY: Ciprofloxacin should be avoided in pregnancy, as safe use in these patients have not been established.

NURSING MOTHERS: Ciprofloxacin should be avoided in nursing mothers, as safe use in these patients have not been established.

SIDE EFFECTS: The most frequent side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash, headache, and restlessness. Rare allergic reactions have been described, such as hives and anaphylaxis (shock).

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