A test done to detect autoantibodies directed against thyroid peroxidase (TPO), an enzyme in the thyroid gland that is very important to the production of thyroid hormones . TPO is found in thyroid follicle cells where it catalyzes the iodination of T4 and T3 in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones .

Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (abbreviated TPOAb) are produced by the body itself. TPOAb can attack the thyroid and damage thyroid function. These antibodies are present in a high proportion (70% to 90%) of people with chronic thyroiditis . These antibodies are also present in lesser numbers of people with other thyroid diseases. Other autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren syndrome , lupus , rheumatoid arthritis , and pernicious anemia are sometimes positive for TPOAb. Small numbers (around 3%) of people may have TPOAb show no evidence of disease. The chance of having TPOAb is greater in females and increases with age.

This test goes by a confusing number of names, including thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody (TPOAb) test, thyroid peroxidase autoantibody test, antimicrosomal antibody test and antithyroid microsomal antibody test.

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