Travel Medicine
Travelers to different countries should be aware of the potential for acquiring diseases and injury which are not common in the United States. Immunizations , preventative medications, and general precautions should be considered prior to trips to different parts of the world.
Immunizations against Hepatitis A , Hepatitis B , Typhoid, Yellow Fever , meningococcal meningitis , rabies , tetanus/diphtheria, polio and others may be recommended or required for travelers to certain countries.
Preventative medications against traveler's diarrhea , malaria , tuberculosis , and other diseases may be necessary.
Precautions regarding foods, beverages, weather, insect bites, and personal hygiene are important while traveling. Patients with underlying medical diseases, such as kidney disease and diabetes , persons with suppressed immune systems, and pregnant women may need special arrangements in order to travel safely. It is recommended that travelers carry a letter stating medical diagnoses, medication list, and need for needles and syringes.
Here are some important points to review: - Heart disease and stroke are the most frequent cause of death among all travelers. (This is true for nontravelers as well. This highlights the importance of doing what you can with your doctor to control your risk factors. For more information, please read the following articles: High Blood Pressure , Heart Attack , Cholesterol , and Stroke. )
- Trauma, especially from motor vehicle accidents, accounts for approximately one fourth of travel-associated deaths. (You can help yourself here by reviewing the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings in the link below.)
- Diarrhea is the most common illness of travelers. (For more information, please read the Traveler's Diarrhea article.)
- After diarrhea, respiratory infection is the most common illness affecting travelers. (Avoid excess activity in high air-pollution environments, get vaccinated for flu, pneumonia , and carry antibiotics if at high risk for infection because of underlying illnesses.)
- Hepatitis A is the most frequent vaccine-preventable, travel-related illness. (Get the vaccine if going to high risk areas.)
- Motion sickness can take the fun out of traveling. (Please read the Motion Sickness article.)
Reference: New England Journal Of Medicine 2000;342:1716-24.
For further information, please visit the following areas:
U.S. Travelers' Health Information (CDC) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)of the United States government provides current travel medical recommendations and requirements for different areas of the world. A convenient graphical map is provided. Additional information concerning disease outbreaks and general health advisories are also furnished. (http://www.cdc.gov/travel/index.htm)
U.S. State Department Travel Warnings (http://www.travel.state.gov/travel_warnings.html) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has an excellent Travelers' Hotline, at 1-888-232-3228 (toll-free in the USA).
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